{"id":340,"date":"2023-10-17T18:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T16:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laerm.ch\/connaissances-du-bruit\/laerm-kostet\/"},"modified":"2024-09-10T23:02:46","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T21:02:46","slug":"le-bruit-est-onereux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/laerm.ch\/fr\/connaissances-du-bruit\/le-bruit-est-onereux\/","title":{"rendered":"Le bruit co\u00fbte cher <br>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bruit ne fait pas que taper sur les nerfs, il entra\u00eene aussi des co\u00fbts. Ce sont que tr\u00e8s rarement les pollueurs eux-m\u00eames qui paient ces co\u00fbts financiers. Le probl\u00e8me du bruit du trafic est si explosif pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce qu&rsquo;une grande partie des co\u00fbts est r\u00e9percut\u00e9e sur des tiers non concern\u00e9s. Ces co\u00fbts li\u00e9s au bruit, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres co\u00fbts tels que ceux de la pollution et du changement climatique, constituent ce que l&rsquo;on appelle les co\u00fbts externes du transport. La prise en compte de ces co\u00fbts est cruciale pour une \u00e9valuation correcte des co\u00fbts totaux du transport.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le diagramme ci-dessous montre comment les co\u00fbts externes du bruit s&rsquo;int\u00e8grent dans les co\u00fbts totaux du transport.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"662\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/laerm.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/gesamtkosten_des_verkehrs.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laerm.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/gesamtkosten_des_verkehrs.png 662w, https:\/\/laerm.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/gesamtkosten_des_verkehrs-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme indiqu\u00e9, des mesures d&rsquo;internalisation peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour imputer une partie des co\u00fbts externes au pollueur. Les contributions d&rsquo;internalisation vers\u00e9es augmentent ainsi la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des co\u00fbts.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une mobilit\u00e9 plus ch\u00e8re gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des mesures d&rsquo;internalisation peut conduire \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction du volume du trafic et donc \u00e0 une diminution du bruit. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les contributions d&rsquo;internalisation ne profitent pas toujours aux personnes affect\u00e9es par le bruit, ces mesures visant \u00e0 renforcer le principe du pollueur-payeur ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement per\u00e7ues comme \u00e9quitables par toutes les personnes concern\u00e9es. Les redevances d&rsquo;atterrissage et de passagers li\u00e9es au bruit pour les a\u00e9roports sont un exemple de mesures d&rsquo;internalisation mises en place dans le domaine du bruit en Suisse. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le co\u00fbt total du vol est compos\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Co\u00fbts priv\u00e9s :<\/strong> Ils sont directement mon\u00e9tis\u00e9s par l&rsquo;achat d&rsquo;un billet d&rsquo;avion.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Co\u00fbts support\u00e9s directement par le pollueur<\/strong> (sans contribution \u00e0 l&rsquo;internalisation), par ex. :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Frais de carburant <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contribution \u00e0 l&rsquo;acquisition et \u00e0 l&rsquo;entretien des avions <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frais de personnel <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co\u00fbts des infrastructures a\u00e9roportuaires <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contribution \u00e0 l&rsquo;internalisation<\/strong> \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Taxes d&rsquo;atterrissage et redevances passagers li\u00e9es au bruit <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Co\u00fbts externes <\/strong>(apr\u00e8s internalisation) : Comme les co\u00fbts support\u00e9s directement par des tiers n&rsquo;impliquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas de paiements mon\u00e9taires directs, ils doivent \u00eatre estim\u00e9s. Pour obtenir les co\u00fbts externes apr\u00e8s internalisation, les contributions mon\u00e9taires d&rsquo;internalisation sont d\u00e9duites de l&rsquo;estimation. Les co\u00fbts externes d&rsquo;un vol passager incluent notamment :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Perte de loyer et atteinte \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 caus\u00e9es par le bruit des avions <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pollution des sols et de l&rsquo;air<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co\u00fbts \u00e0 long terme li\u00e9s aux changements climatiques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, l&rsquo;Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral du d\u00e9veloppement territorial (ARE) fournit sous le lien suivant des informations suppl\u00e9mentaires sur le th\u00e8me des co\u00fbts externes du bruit et pr\u00e9sente la pond\u00e9ration des diff\u00e9rents moyens de transport au niveau national, tant pour le transport de personnes que pour le transport de marchandises. Vous trouverez ces informations dans le chapitre Bruit.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Divers <br\/><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a class=\"_ex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bafu.admin.ch\/bafu\/fr\/home\/themes\/bruit\/info-specialistes\/effets-du-bruit\/repercussions-economiques-du-bruit.html\">R\u00e9percussions \u00e9conomique du bruit (admin.ch)<\/a><br\/><a class=\"_dl\" href=\"https:\/\/www.are.admin.ch\/dam\/are\/fr\/dokumente\/verkehr\/publikationen\/externe_kosten_undnutzendesverkehrsinderschweiz.pdf.download.pdf\/couts_et_beneficesexternesdestransportsensuisse.pdf\">Co\u00fbts et b\u00e9n\u00e9fices externes des transports en Suisse (PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le bruit ne fait pas que taper sur les nerfs, il entra\u00eene aussi des co\u00fbts. Ce sont que tr\u00e8s rarement les pollueurs eux-m\u00eames qui paient ces co\u00fbts financiers. Le probl\u00e8me du bruit du trafic est si explosif pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce qu&rsquo;une grande partie des co\u00fbts est r\u00e9percut\u00e9e sur des tiers non concern\u00e9s. Ces co\u00fbts li\u00e9s au [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":337,"parent":75,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-340","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le bruit co\u00fbte cher  - L\u00e4rm.ch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/test.laerm.ch\/laermwissen\/laerm-kostet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le bruit co\u00fbte cher  - L\u00e4rm.ch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le bruit ne fait pas que taper sur les nerfs, il entra\u00eene aussi des co\u00fbts. 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